The Gulmay FL160‑2/4 is a 160 kV, 640 W high‑frequency X‑ray generator that employs an IGBT‑based drive at 25 kHz and supports single or dual filament operation. Common failure modes include power‑stage overheating or component burnout (IGBTs, gate drivers), HV insulation degradation leading to arcing, filament burnout, and cooling fan or heat‑sink failures that cause voltage ripple. First‑check diagnostics should verify the input supply voltage and current limits, inspect the IGBT board for burn marks or loose connections, and review any error codes from the controller’s diagnostic interface. A visual inspection of the HV cable, connectors, and tube mounting should follow to rule out mechanical damage or misalignment.[oss-gpt-20b]